What is the primary function of a transformer?

The primary function of a transformer is to increase or decrease voltage levels in an electrical system. This ability is essential for efficiently transmitting electrical power over long distances and adapting voltage levels to the requirements of various devices and installations.

Transformers work on the principle of electromagnetic induction, where alternating current (AC) flows through the primary winding, creating a magnetic field that induces a voltage in the secondary winding. By adjusting the turns ratio between the primary and secondary windings, transformers can step up (increase) or step down (decrease) voltage levels as needed.

For example, in power transmission systems, high voltages are used to minimize energy loss due to resistance in wires, allowing electricity to be transmitted over long distances more efficiently. At the destination, transformers step down the voltage to a lower, usable level for residential or commercial use.

The other options do not accurately describe the primary function of a transformer. While generating electricity pertains to power plants, storing electrical energy relates to capacitors or batteries, and distributing electrical power involves the entire electrical grid system rather than the specific role of a transformer.